A long-form discussion that walks through the evidence.
Childhood predictors of belief in life after death across 22 countries
Attending religious services at age 12 is the most consistent predictor of believing in life after death as an adult.
Negative early experiences, such as childhood abuse or feeling like an outsider, are linked to a higher likelihood of believing in an afterlife.
Women are more likely than men to hold a belief in life after death.
This research matters because it helps us understand one of the most fundamental aspects of human experience on a global scale. For centuries, belief in an afterlife has shaped societies, comforted the grieving, and guided moral choices. By identifying its roots in childhood, we gain insight into how spiritual convictions are formed—not just through religious teaching, but through our deepest personal struggles and relationships.
“Belief in a world beyond this one is a psychological anchor often forged in our earliest years.”
This knowledge is vital for mental health professionals, counselors, and spiritual leaders who support people through grief, trauma, and existential questions. It highlights that for some, belief in an afterlife isn't just a doctrine but a psychological anchor developed in response to early life adversity. Understanding this connection can foster more compassionate and effective care. On a broader level, this study pushes beyond a Western-centric view, offering a more universal picture of how early life experiences shape the spiritual landscape of our world.
“Belief in a world beyond this one is a psychological anchor often forged in our earliest years.”
A long-form discussion that walks through the evidence.
Have you ever wondered why some people strongly believe in an afterlife while others don't? A massive new study looked into this question, exploring how our childhoods might shape one of the oldest and most widespread spiritual beliefs. Researchers analyzed data from over 200,000 people across 22 different countries, looking back at their experiences around age 12 to see what might predict their beliefs as adults.
“A belief in the afterlife is linked not just to religion, but to early trauma and a mother's love.”
The most consistent factor was what you might expect: kids who attended religious services were far more likely to believe in an afterlife later on. But the study uncovered some deeper, more surprising connections. People who had negative early experiences—such as suffering abuse or feeling like an outsider—were also more likely to hold this belief. This suggests that the idea of a world beyond this one may offer a powerful source of hope and justice for those who faced hardship early in life.
On a more positive note, having a strong, loving relationship with one's mother was also linked to a greater belief in the afterlife. Gender played a role, too, with women being more likely to believe than men. This groundbreaking research is the first of its kind to use such a large, multinational dataset. It shows that our spiritual worldview isn't formed in a vacuum. Instead, it’s a complex tapestry woven from our social upbringing, our most difficult traumas, and our most cherished relationships, revealing the deep human need for meaning and comfort that transcends cultures.
Chen, Z. J., Cowden, R. G., Moreira-Almeida, A., Breedlove, T., Kent, B. V., Padgett, R. N., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2025). Childhood predictors of belief in life after death across 22 countries. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91615-7
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