Does Religion Still Guide Our Lives?
In Indonesia, 94% of people say religion guides their whole life, but in Japan, that number is only 7%.
The Prevalence and Predictors of Experiences of Beauty in 22 Countries: An International Assessment of Aesthetic Appreciation in the Global Flourishing Study
How often people experience beauty varies dramatically around the world, from as high as 90% of people in Nigeria and South Africa to as low as 44% in Japan.
Higher education is the strongest demographic predictor of regularly experiencing beauty, a trend observed in nearly all of the 22 countries studied.
Surprisingly, certain childhood adversities, including physical or sexual abuse, are associated with a slightly higher likelihood of experiencing beauty in adulthood.
This research is important because it forces us to look beyond money and material comfort when we think about what makes a good life. It shows that non-economic experiences, like appreciating art or nature, are a vital part of human flourishing, and that these experiences are not shared equally around the globe.
“The capacity to find beauty is a vital part of human flourishing, offering a new way to think about resilience and healing from trauma.”
For policymakers and community leaders, this study is a reminder that well-being initiatives must be culturally sensitive. What works in the United States might not work in Japan or Nigeria. The findings also highlight the value of arts, education, and spiritual community, as these are clear pathways to experiencing beauty.
Perhaps most profoundly, the link between adversity and beauty offers a new way to think about resilience. It suggests that healing from trauma isn't just about returning to normal; it can also be about developing a deeper capacity to find meaning and beauty in the world. This insight could have powerful implications for therapy, education, and how we support one another through difficult times.
“The capacity to find beauty is a vital part of human flourishing, offering a new way to think about resilience and healing from trauma.”
What makes a person more likely to notice beauty in the world? Is it a life of comfort and ease, or something else entirely? To find out, a massive global study asked over 131,000 people from 22 different countries a simple question: “Do you regularly experience things that you consider beautiful?
“Surprisingly, some childhood hardships are linked to a greater appreciation of beauty, suggesting a complex path to a rich inner life.”
” The answers were full of surprises. The researchers found that where you live matters—a lot. While 90% of people in Nigeria and South Africa said they regularly experience beauty, only 44% of people in Japan and 47% in Hong Kong said the same. Clearly, national wealth isn't the deciding factor.
So, what is? Education played a big role. Globally, people with more years of schooling were more likely to report experiencing beauty. Age also mattered, with younger people generally reporting more of these experiences than older adults. But the most startling findings were connected to childhood.
Attending religious services as a child was strongly linked to experiencing more beauty as an adult. Even more unexpectedly, some childhood hardships were also associated with a greater appreciation for beauty later in life. People who had experienced abuse or whose parents weren't married were slightly more likely to regularly see beauty in their adult lives. The researchers are not saying that hardship is good. Instead, they suggest that difficult experiences might, for some, increase their emotional and perceptual sensitivity, making them more open to the world in all its forms—including its beauty. This study challenges our assumptions, suggesting that the path to a rich inner life is more complex than we think.
People in Nigeria and South Africa are more than twice as likely to report regularly experiencing beauty as people in Japan.
Those with 16 or more years of education are 13 percentage points more likely to regularly experience beauty than those with 8 years of education or less.
Adults who attended religious services at least weekly as a child are 1.07 times more likely to regularly experience beauty compared to those who never attended.
People who reported being physically or sexually abused as a child were surprisingly 1.03 times more likely to report experiencing beauty as an adult.
Lomas, T., Padgett, R. N., Pawelski, J. O., Makridis, C. A., Fernández Pacheco, P. A. d. l. R., Kim, Y.-I., Breedlove, T., Cowden, R. G., Counted, V., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2026). The Prevalence and Predictors of Experiences of Beauty in 22 Countries: An International Assessment of Aesthetic Appreciation in the Global Flourishing Study. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 21(2), 469–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-025-10532-z
In Indonesia, 94% of people say religion guides their whole life, but in Japan, that number is only 7%.
Surprisingly, difficult childhood experiences like abuse or feeling like an outsider can make a person more likely to believe in life after death.
Across 22 countries, belief in God, gods, or spiritual forces ranges from a staggering 100% in Egypt to just 20% in Japan.
Surprisingly, difficult childhoods—including experiences of abuse or feeling like an outsider—can lead to a greater engagement with sacred texts in adulthood.
Why are Filipinos happier than average despite having less money?
In some countries, having poor health as a child is linked to experiencing more inner peace as an adult.