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Happiness & Life Satisfaction20258 min read

Who Feels Balanced in a Tilted World?

Demographic Variation in Balance in Life Across 22 Countries: A Cross-National Analysis of the Global Flourishing Study

Notable finding

Retirees reported balance 76% of the time versus 57% for those unemployed and seeking work

By
Lomas, Tim et al.
Participants
202,898
Countries
22
Journal
Applied Research in Quality of Life
DOI
10.1007/s11482-024-10407-9
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§1

Key Takeaways

01

Life balance varied considerably across the 22 countries studied, with the percentage of people reporting that they are often or always in balance ranging from 83% in Israel to just 44% in Tanzania.

02

Employment status showed the largest demographic variation in life balance, with retirees reporting the highest levels and those who were unemployed and seeking work reporting the lowest.

03

Nearly all demographic factors examined were associated with life balance, but the direction and magnitude of these differences varied substantially across countries, suggesting that demographic patterns in life balance are not universal but depend on socio-cultural context.

§2

Why It Matters

A sense of balance is not just a personal feeling; it is a vital sign of a society's overall health and stability.

This research matters because life balance has been largely overlooked in studies of human well-being, especially compared to narrower ideas like work-life balance. By looking at 22 countries, this study shows that balance is not just a personal feeling — it is tied to social and economic conditions that differ dramatically across the world. The findings point to practical concerns: the unemployed reported some of the lowest balance, suggesting that job security and economic stability are public health issues, not just economic ones. The large gaps between countries also raise questions about what conditions — from healthcare access to social safety nets — help people feel their lives are in proportion. As the study continues over five years, it may reveal whether changes in people's circumstances lead to changes in their sense of balance, offering guidance for policies and programs that aim to help people live more balanced, fulfilling lives.

This research matters because life balance has been largely overlooked in studies of human well-being, especially compared to narrower ideas like work-life balance. By looking at 22 countries, this study shows that balance is not just a personal feeling — it is tied to social and economic conditions that differ dramatically across the world. The findings point to practical concerns: the unemployed reported some of the lowest balance, suggesting that job security and economic stability are public health issues, not just economic ones. The large gaps between countries also raise questions about what conditions — from healthcare access to social safety nets — help people feel their lives are in proportion. As the study continues over five years, it may reveal whether changes in people's circumstances lead to changes in their sense of balance, offering guidance for policies and programs that aim to help people live more balanced, fulfilling lives.

A sense of balance is not just a personal feeling; it is a vital sign of a society's overall health and stability.

§3

The Story

What does it mean to have balance in life? It is not just about work and free time. It is about whether the different parts of your life — your relationships, your health, your work, your emotions — feel like they fit together in a way that works.

Retirees report the highest levels of life balance, suggesting financial security is a key ingredient for our well-being.

This study asked over 200,000 people across 22 countries a simple question: "In general, how often are the various aspects of your life in balance?" The answers reveal striking differences. In Israel, 83% of people said their life is often or always in balance. In Tanzania, only 44% said the same.

The study also looked at who tends to feel more balanced. Retirees reported the highest levels of balance at 76%, while people unemployed and looking for work had the lowest at 57%. People who attended religious services frequently also reported more balance. Older adults tended to feel more balanced than younger people, and married people more than those who were separated or divorced. Education mattered too, but only for people with 16 or more years of schooling.

Gender and immigration status made very little difference on average. But here is the catch: nearly every pattern varied a lot depending on the country. In some places, women felt more balanced than men. In others, the opposite was true. The study suggests that what helps someone feel balanced is not universal — it depends heavily on where they live and the social conditions around them.

Figure
83%
Highest National Life Balance Rate

Israel had the highest proportion of respondents reporting that the various aspects of their life were often or always in balance, at 83% of the population.

Figure
+19 points
Employment Gap in Life Balance

On average across countries, 76% of retirees reported being often or always in balance compared to 57% of those unemployed and looking for a job, making employment status the demographic factor with the largest variation in life balance.

Figure
1.9:1
Cross-National Life Balance Ratio

The ratio of life balance prevalence in the highest-ranked country (Israel at 83%) to the lowest-ranked country (Tanzania at 44%) was approximately 1.9 to 1, highlighting substantial cross-national disparity.

Figure
1.2x
Religious Attendance and Balance

People who attended religious services more than once a week were 1.2 times more likely to report being often or always in balance (78%) compared to those who never attended (65%).

Figures
83%
Highest National Life Balance Rate

Israel had the highest proportion of respondents reporting that the various aspects of their life were often or always in balance, at 83% of the population.

+19 points
Employment Gap in Life Balance

On average across countries, 76% of retirees reported being often or always in balance compared to 57% of those unemployed and looking for a job, making employment status the demographic factor with the largest variation in life balance.

1.9:1
Cross-National Life Balance Ratio

The ratio of life balance prevalence in the highest-ranked country (Israel at 83%) to the lowest-ranked country (Tanzania at 44%) was approximately 1.9 to 1, highlighting substantial cross-national disparity.

1.2x
Religious Attendance and Balance

People who attended religious services more than once a week were 1.2 times more likely to report being often or always in balance (78%) compared to those who never attended (65%).

§4

Reader Questions

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Research Details
& Citation

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Published
2025
Journal
Applied Research in Quality of Life
Participants
202,898
Countries
22
Cite this paper
Lomas, T., Padgett, R. N., Ritchie-Dunham, J. L., Pawelski, J. O., Shiba, K., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2025). Demographic Variation in Balance in Life Across 22 Countries: A Cross-National Analysis of the Global Flourishing Study. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 20(3), 1011–1036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-024-10407-9
Tags
balancelife-satisfactionemploymentagemarriagereligion-spirituality
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