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Happiness & Life Satisfaction20259 min read

The Surprising Demographics of Inner Peace

Demographic Variation in Inner Peace Across 22 Countries: A Cross-National Analysis of the Global Flourishing Study

Notable finding

Retirees report 15% more inner peace than unemployed job-seekers.

By
Lomas, Tim et al.
Participants
202,898
Countries
22
Journal
Journal of Happiness Studies
DOI
10.1007/s10902-024-00822-y
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§1

Key Takeaways

01

Where a person lives is strongly linked to their sense of inner peace, with the percentage of people feeling at peace varying dramatically across the 22 countries studied.

02

Inner peace generally increases with age, as older adults are significantly more likely to report feeling at peace with their thoughts and feelings than younger people.

03

Being retired and attending religious services frequently are associated with higher levels of inner peace, while being young and unemployed is linked to the lowest levels.

§2

Why It Matters

Measuring inner peace reveals who is struggling, guiding policies that foster stability and a peaceful mind.

This research matters because inner peace has been largely overlooked in studies of well-being, which tend to focus on happiness or life satisfaction instead. By looking at inner peace across 22 countries, this study shows that calm and tranquility are not just personal feelings — they vary dramatically by country, age, and life circumstances. The findings point to groups that may be most vulnerable to a lack of inner peace: young adults and people who are unemployed. This suggests that policymakers, educators, and mental health professionals could focus efforts on these groups — for example, by offering mindfulness programs in schools or job-search support that also addresses emotional well-being. The study also highlights that what predicts inner peace in one country may not hold in another, which means solutions need to be tailored to local contexts rather than copied from one place to another. As the study continues over five years, it will help us understand whether inner peace changes over time and what might help people find more of it.

This research matters because inner peace has been largely overlooked in studies of well-being, which tend to focus on happiness or life satisfaction instead. By looking at inner peace across 22 countries, this study shows that calm and tranquility are not just personal feelings — they vary dramatically by country, age, and life circumstances. The findings point to groups that may be most vulnerable to a lack of inner peace: young adults and people who are unemployed. This suggests that policymakers, educators, and mental health professionals could focus efforts on these groups — for example, by offering mindfulness programs in schools or job-search support that also addresses emotional well-being. The study also highlights that what predicts inner peace in one country may not hold in another, which means solutions need to be tailored to local contexts rather than copied from one place to another. As the study continues over five years, it will help us understand whether inner peace changes over time and what might help people find more of it.

Measuring inner peace reveals who is struggling, guiding policies that foster stability and a peaceful mind.

§3

The Story

What does it mean to feel at peace inside? This study asked over 200,000 people across 22 countries a simple question: "In general, how often do you feel you are at peace with your thoughts and feelings?" The answers reveal a surprising range.

Contrary to the idea of carefree youth, inner peace is a quality that appears to grow and deepen with age.

In Hong Kong, 89% of people said they often or always feel at peace. In Turkey, only 49% said the same. That means in some places, most people walk around with a calm mind, while in others, about half the population rarely or never feels that way. The study also found that inner peace changes with age.

Young adults (18–24) were the least likely to feel at peace — only about 68% said they often or always did. But among people 80 and older, that number jumped to 86%. It seems that as people get older, they tend to settle into a quieter, calmer state of mind. Employment mattered too. People who were unemployed and looking for work had the lowest levels of inner peace (63%).

Retirees had the highest (78%). This suggests that it's not just having a job that matters — it's the stress of needing one and not finding it that seems to disturb people's peace. Religious attendance also played a role. People who attended religious services more than once a week reported inner peace 80% of the time, compared to 68% for those who never attended. Married people also tended to feel more at peace than those who were single, divorced, or living with a partner. But here's what makes this study special: these patterns were not the same everywhere. In some countries, young people felt just as peaceful as older adults. In others, women felt more at peace than men. The study reminds us that inner peace is not a one-size-fits-all experience — it shifts depending on where you live, how old you are, and what your daily life looks like.

Figure
+40 points
Cross-National Peace Gap

The percentage of adults who feel at peace always or often was 40 points higher in Hong Kong (89%) than in Turkey (49%).

Figure
1.3x
Age and Inner Peace

Adults over age 80 were nearly 1.3 times more likely to report feeling inner peace than young adults aged 18-24.

Figure
78%
Retirees' Sense of Peace

Among different employment statuses, retirees reported the highest levels of inner peace, with 78% saying they often or always feel at peace.

Figure
80%
Religion and Inner Peace

People who attend religious services more than once a week reported the highest rates of inner peace, with 80% feeling at peace often or always.

Figures
+40 points
Cross-National Peace Gap

The percentage of adults who feel at peace always or often was 40 points higher in Hong Kong (89%) than in Turkey (49%).

1.3x
Age and Inner Peace

Adults over age 80 were nearly 1.3 times more likely to report feeling inner peace than young adults aged 18-24.

78%
Retirees' Sense of Peace

Among different employment statuses, retirees reported the highest levels of inner peace, with 78% saying they often or always feel at peace.

80%
Religion and Inner Peace

People who attend religious services more than once a week reported the highest rates of inner peace, with 80% feeling at peace often or always.

§4

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Research Details
& Citation

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Published
2025
Journal
Journal of Happiness Studies
Participants
202,898
Countries
22
Cite this paper
Lomas, T., Padgett, R. N., Ritchie-Dunham, J. L., Lee, M. T., Pawelski, J. O., Shiba, K., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2025). Demographic Variation in Inner Peace Across 22 Countries: A Cross-National Analysis of the Global Flourishing Study. Journal of Happiness Studies, 26(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-024-00822-y
Tags
peaceageemploymentreligion-spiritualitymarriagemental health
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