The Surprising Global Map of Hope
What if the world’s wealthiest nations are running low on optimism?
Mapping demographic variations in sense of mastery across the world a cross-national analysis of 22 countries in the global flourishing study
A high sense of personal mastery is achievable in diverse geographical and cultural contexts, with top-ranking countries including those in Latin America, the Middle East, and various high-income societies.
Across 22 countries, a higher sense of mastery is associated with being older, male, married, employed, highly educated, and a regular attendee of religious services.
While general demographic patterns exist, the relationship between factors like age, marital status, and employment with a sense of mastery varies substantially from one country to another.
Feeling in control of your life is more than just a confidence boost—it’s a cornerstone of well-being. The study notes that a strong sense of mastery is linked to better physical and mental health, including a lower risk of depression, anxiety, stroke, and heart disease. It can even predict a longer life.
“Feeling in control of your own life is a cornerstone of well-being, predicting better health and even a longer life.”
By mapping where mastery is high and low, this research gives leaders and policymakers a new lens for understanding public well-being. It suggests that creating opportunities for education, stable employment, and strong community connections (like those found in religious groups) could be powerful tools for helping people feel more empowered. Understanding the factors that build a sense of capability can help us create societies where more people feel they have the power to shape their own futures, leading to healthier and more resilient populations worldwide.
“Feeling in control of your own life is a cornerstone of well-being, predicting better health and even a longer life.”
Do you ever feel like you’re in the driver’s seat of your own life? That feeling of being capable and able to handle whatever comes your way is called a “sense of mastery. ” It’s a powerful ingredient for a happy and healthy life.
“Our ability to feel capable is not just a personal trait, but is deeply shaped by our age, relationships, and society.”
Researchers wanted to know how this feeling varies around the world, so they asked over 200,000 people in 22 different countries a simple question: “How often do you feel very capable in most things you do in life? ” The results were full of surprises. The countries with the highest sense of mastery weren't just the wealthiest ones. Mexico and Egypt topped the list, with about 90% of people saying they often or always feel capable.
They were followed by Argentina, Israel, and the United States. At the other end of the spectrum was Japan, where only 39% of people felt this way. The study also found some common patterns. Generally, people’s sense of mastery grows as they get older. Having more education, being married, and being employed were also linked to feeling more in control.
People who regularly attend religious services also reported higher levels of mastery. However, these trends weren't universal and varied from country to country, showing that culture and local conditions play a big role. The core takeaway is that our ability to feel capable isn't just a personal trait; it's deeply connected to our age, relationships, work, and the society we live in.
The proportion of adults reporting a high sense of mastery in Mexico (90%) was more than double the proportion in Japan (39%).
Adults with 16 or more years of education were 10 percentage points more likely to report a high sense of mastery than those with 8 or fewer years of education.
People who attend religious services more than once a week reported the highest rates of mastery, with 85% feeling very capable in life.
Japan reported the lowest sense of mastery among the 22 countries surveyed, with only 39% of adults feeling very capable in most things they do.
Kim, E. S., Padgett, R. N., Bradshaw, M., Chen, Y., Chopik, W. J., Okuzono, S., Wilkinson, R., Lachman, M. E., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2025). Mapping demographic variations in sense of mastery across the world a cross-national analysis of 22 countries in the global flourishing study. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15304-1
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