The Long Shadow of a Painful Childhood
The physical pain you feel today might have roots in events that happened decades ago, when you were a child.
Comparison of the effects of childhood demographic characteristics on physical activity during adulthood across 22 countries
Across 22 countries, adults who reported better health and more frequent religious service attendance during childhood tend to be more physically active.
On average, men are more likely to engage in physical activity as adults than women and those of other genders.
The strength of the relationship between childhood experiences and adult physical activity varies significantly from one country to another.
“To foster active adults, public health must invest in the well-being and community engagement of children decades earlier.”
When we think about getting adults to be more active, we usually focus on gym memberships or workplace wellness programs. This research suggests we need to think much earlier. For public health leaders, it means that promoting children's overall health and supporting their community engagement—including through religious groups—could be a powerful, long-term strategy for creating a healthier global population. This study highlights that a child's sense of well-being, feeling both healthy and connected, isn't just a 'nice-to-have.' It's a fundamental building block for concrete health behaviors, like exercise, decades down the line. Understanding these links can help policymakers and community leaders create better support systems for children that will pay dividends in public health for years to come. It’s a powerful reminder that investing in a healthy childhood is an investment in a healthy adulthood.
“To foster active adults, public health must invest in the well-being and community engagement of children decades earlier.”
What if the habits that keep you active as an adult were actually formed when you were just 12 years old? That’s the question researchers explored in a massive study of over 200,000 people across 22 different countries. They asked adults how many days a week they get at least 30 minutes of vigorous exercise.
“Feeling healthy as a child and attending religious services are two powerful, cross-cultural predictors of an active adult life.”
Then, they asked them to think back to their childhood and answer questions about their family life, their health, their financial situation, and their religious or spiritual practices. The goal was to see if our early life experiences could predict how active we are decades later. The answer was a clear yes. Two factors from childhood stood out as powerful predictors of adult physical activity across many cultures: self-rated health and religious service attendance.
People who remembered their health as being “excellent” when they were young were significantly more likely to be active adults. And, perhaps more surprisingly, those who attended religious services at least once a month as children also tended to exercise more in adulthood. The study also confirmed some other known trends, like men generally being more physically active than women and exercise habits tending to decline after our early 20s. But the most fascinating part is how these childhood links change from country to country, showing that culture plays a huge role. This research suggests that the foundation for a healthy, active life isn’t just built in the gym; it’s laid down in our earliest years through our overall well-being and sense of community.
Among the global participants, 41% reported attending religious services at least once a week when they were around 12 years old.
Participants were more than eight times as likely to report their parents were married (75%) compared to divorced (9%) when they were around 12 years old.
On average, adult women reported exercising on 0.46 fewer days per week than men.
An unmeasured confounder would need to have an association of at least 1.39 times with both weekly childhood religious attendance and adult physical activity to fully explain away the observed link.
Lee, C. G., Kwon, E., Paltzer, J., Okafor, C. N., VanderWeele, T. J., Johnson, B. R., & Kwon, J. (2025). Comparison of the effects of childhood demographic characteristics on physical activity during adulthood across 22 countries. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23430-8
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