Faith Groups May Be the Key to Stronger Communities
What if going to a church, mosque, or temple was one of the best ways to get people involved in book clubs and sports teams?
Strangers, Friends, and Everything Between: Sociodemographic Variation in Social Relationship Quality Across 22 Countries
The quality of people's social relationships varies significantly across countries, with adults in nations like Indonesia and the Philippines reporting much higher satisfaction than those in Japan and Australia.
Across 22 diverse nations, older adults and those who frequently attend religious services consistently report having higher-quality social relationships.
Marital and employment status are strongly linked to relationship quality, as married, widowed, and retired individuals generally report the highest satisfaction, while separated, divorced, and unemployed individuals report the lowest.
This research is more than just interesting—it's a global wake-up call about the critical role of social connection in our well-being. It shows that loneliness and social dissatisfaction aren't just personal problems; they are public health issues with clear patterns.
“Social disconnection is a public health issue, and these findings reveal which groups are most vulnerable to loneliness.”
For policymakers and community leaders, these findings highlight which groups are most vulnerable to social disconnection, such as those who are unemployed, separated, or divorced. This data can guide the creation of targeted support programs that foster community and belonging where it's needed most. For example, it suggests that economic policies should consider the social fallout of job loss, not just the financial impact.
For all of us, this study reinforces a simple but profound truth: investing in our relationships is one of the most important things we can do for a flourishing life. It shows that building strong community ties, whether through religious participation or other groups, is a powerful tool against loneliness and a key ingredient for happiness.
“Social disconnection is a public health issue, and these findings reveal which groups are most vulnerable to loneliness.”
What makes us feel truly content with our friendships and family? To find out, researchers asked over 200,000 people across 22 countries to rate their relationship satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10. The results paint a fascinating global picture of human connection.
“Bucking the stereotype of lonely old age, the oldest adults report being the happiest with their relationships.”
First, where you live seems to matter. People in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Mexico reported the highest satisfaction with their relationships, while those in Japan, Turkey, and Australia reported the lowest. This suggests that cultural norms and values play a role in how we experience our social lives. But the most powerful stories were found in people's life stages and circumstances.
One of the most surprising findings was about age: the older people get, the happier they are with their relationships. Bucking the stereotype of lonely old age, adults over 80 reported the highest scores. Life events also had a huge impact. Being married or widowed was linked to high relationship quality, while being separated or divorced was linked to the lowest. Similarly, retired people felt great about their connections, but unemployed individuals reported the lowest satisfaction of all.
Finally, community involvement showed a strong link to relationship quality. The more frequently people attended religious services, the better they felt about their social bonds. This study gives us a global map of what helps people feel supported and loved, showing how our connections are shaped by our culture, our age, and the communities we belong to.
People in Indonesia, the country with the highest score, reported social relationship quality that was on average 1.5 times higher than people in Japan, the country with the lowest score.
In the United States, retired adults reported social relationship quality scores that were 2.3 points higher on a 10-point scale than adults who were unemployed and looking for a job.
Across 22 countries, adults who attend religious services more than once a week reported social relationship quality scores that were, on average, 12% higher than those who never attend.
On average across all 22 countries, married individuals reported a social relationship quality score that was nearly one point higher than those who were separated.
Wilkinson, R., Shiba, K., Gibson, C. B., Okafor, C. N., Chen, Y., Padgett, R. N., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2025). Strangers, Friends, and Everything Between: Sociodemographic Variation in Social Relationship Quality Across 22 Countries. Social Indicators Research, 181(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03743-2
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