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Close Social Relationships20255 min read

Faith Groups May Be the Key to Stronger Communities

Community participation in secular and religious contexts across sociodemographic groups in 22 countries

Notable finding

Weekly religious attenders are nearly 3x more likely to join secular groups.

By
Chen, Ying et al.
Participants
202,898
Countries
22
Journal
Scientific Reports
DOI
10.1038/s41598-025-22806-5
Chat with paper
Chat with paper
§1

Key Takeaways

01

Across 22 countries, weekly attendance at religious services is more common and varies more dramatically between nations than weekly participation in secular groups.

02

Participation in religious and secular communities appears to be complementary, as people who attend religious services are consistently more likely to also engage in secular groups.

03

On average, younger, single, and more educated people tend to participate more in secular groups, while older, married, and less educated people participate more in religious communities.

§2

Why It Matters

This research is vital for anyone trying to tackle the global epidemic of loneliness. It shows that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to building community, and that different groups of people find belonging in different places. For community leaders and policymakers, the key takeaway is that religious organizations are important sources of social connection. Their influence doesn't stop at the door of the church, mosque, or temple; it spills over into wider civic life.

To build stronger communities, we must see religious groups as important sources of connection for wider civic life.

Understanding this link is crucial. Instead of seeing secular and religious groups as separate, we can see them as partners. Efforts to increase volunteering and civic engagement may be far more successful if they include faith communities. The study also highlights vulnerable groups, like the unemployed, who participate less in both types of communities and may need targeted support. Ultimately, this knowledge helps us build stronger, more inclusive communities where more people can find a place to belong.

This research is vital for anyone trying to tackle the global epidemic of loneliness. It shows that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to building community, and that different groups of people find belonging in different places. For community leaders and policymakers, the key takeaway is that religious organizations are important sources of social connection. Their influence doesn't stop at the door of the church, mosque, or temple; it spills over into wider civic life. Understanding this link is crucial. Instead of seeing secular and religious groups as separate, we can see them as partners. Efforts to increase volunteering and civic engagement may be far more successful if they include faith communities. The study also highlights vulnerable groups, like the unemployed, who participate less in both types of communities and may need targeted support. Ultimately, this knowledge helps us build stronger, more inclusive communities where more people can find a place to belong.

To build stronger communities, we must see religious groups as important sources of connection for wider civic life.

§3

The Story

In a world where many feel isolated, where do people find a sense of community? To find out, researchers looked at data from over 200,000 people across 22 countries, asking about their involvement in two kinds of groups: secular ones (like sports teams, book clubs, or political organizations) and religious ones (like attending services). The study found that who participates, and where, varies a lot around the globe.

Attending religious services doesn't pull people away from society, but often connects people to the broader community.

On average, younger, single, and more educated people were more likely to join secular groups. In contrast, older, married, and less educated people were more likely to attend religious services weekly. Rates of religious attendance also varied enormously from country to country: in Nigeria, 87% of people attend services weekly, while in Japan only 3% do. But here’s the most surprising discovery: these two types of community aren't in competition.

In fact, they seem to support each other. Across all 22 countries studied, people who regularly attended religious services were also significantly more likely to participate in secular groups. It seems that involvement in a faith community doesn't pull people away from the rest of society. Instead, it often encourages them to get more involved in their broader community. This suggests that religious practice and secular community life can be complementary, working together to build a more connected world.

Figure
+84 points
Religious Participation Gap

The rate of weekly religious service attendance varied by 84 percentage points between the most observant country, Nigeria (87%), and the least observant, Japan (3%).

Figure
2.8x
Religious and Secular Complements

People who attended religious services more than once a week were 2.8 times more likely to also participate weekly in secular groups than those who never attended religious services.

Figure
24%
Youth Secular Participation

On average across 22 countries, 24% of young adults aged 18-24 participated in secular groups at least weekly, a higher rate than for any other age group over 30.

Figure
1.8x
Religious vs. Secular Participation

Overall, participants were nearly twice as likely to attend religious services weekly (32%) as they were to participate in secular groups weekly (17.7%).

Figures
+84 points
Religious Participation Gap

The rate of weekly religious service attendance varied by 84 percentage points between the most observant country, Nigeria (87%), and the least observant, Japan (3%).

2.8x
Religious and Secular Complements

People who attended religious services more than once a week were 2.8 times more likely to also participate weekly in secular groups than those who never attended religious services.

24%
Youth Secular Participation

On average across 22 countries, 24% of young adults aged 18-24 participated in secular groups at least weekly, a higher rate than for any other age group over 30.

1.8x
Religious vs. Secular Participation

Overall, participants were nearly twice as likely to attend religious services weekly (32%) as they were to participate in secular groups weekly (17.7%).

§4

Reader Questions

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Research Details
& Citation

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Published
2025
Journal
Scientific Reports
Participants
202,898
Countries
22
Cite this paper
Chen, Y., Case, B. W., Long, K. N. G., Woodberry, R. D., Kim, E. S., Padgett, R. N., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2025). Community participation in secular and religious contexts across sociodemographic groups in 22 countries. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-22806-5
Tags
community-participationreligion-spiritualitysocial-supportlonelinesseducationage
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