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Mental & Physical Health20266 min read

Who Drinks? A Global Snapshot of Alcohol Use

Demographic variation in weekly alcohol use across countries in the Global Flourishing Study

Notable finding

Men drink nearly twice as much alcohol as women.

By
de la Rosa, Pedro Antonio et al.
Participants
202,898
Countries
22
Journal
Communications Medicine
DOI
10.1038/s43856-025-01346-z
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Chat with paper
§1

Key Takeaways

01

Significant global differences in alcohol consumption are shaped by demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors.

02

Men, highly educated and employed individuals, and those who are divorced, separated, or cohabiting tend to report higher levels of alcohol consumption.

03

More frequent attendance at religious services is consistently associated with lower alcohol consumption across all 22 countries studied.

§2

Why It Matters

To improve global health, alcohol policies must be tailored to local cultures and contexts, not applied universally.

This research matters because it reveals that alcohol use is not a one-size-fits-all behavior — it shifts dramatically depending on culture, faith, age, and life circumstances. For public health officials, understanding these patterns is essential for designing policies that actually fit local realities. A country where almost nobody drinks needs a very different approach than one where most adults drink weekly. The finding that more educated and employed people tend to drink more challenges assumptions that alcohol use is primarily a problem of poverty or joblessness. The strong connection between religious service attendance and lower drinking also suggests that community and shared values play a powerful role in health behaviors. For healthcare providers, knowing that divorced or separated individuals report higher intake could help identify people who may benefit from extra support. As future waves of this study track the same people over time, researchers will be able to see whether life changes — like losing a job or getting married — actually change drinking habits, offering even deeper insight for prevention and care.

This research matters because it reveals that alcohol use is not a one-size-fits-all behavior — it shifts dramatically depending on culture, faith, age, and life circumstances. For public health officials, understanding these patterns is essential for designing policies that actually fit local realities. A country where almost nobody drinks needs a very different approach than one where most adults drink weekly. The finding that more educated and employed people tend to drink more challenges assumptions that alcohol use is primarily a problem of poverty or joblessness. The strong connection between religious service attendance and lower drinking also suggests that community and shared values play a powerful role in health behaviors. For healthcare providers, knowing that divorced or separated individuals report higher intake could help identify people who may benefit from extra support. As future waves of this study track the same people over time, researchers will be able to see whether life changes — like losing a job or getting married — actually change drinking habits, offering even deeper insight for prevention and care.

To improve global health, alcohol policies must be tailored to local cultures and contexts, not applied universally.

§3

The Story

Have you ever wondered whether drinking habits are the same everywhere, or if they change depending on who you are and where you live? This study looked at weekly alcohol use in over 200,000 adults across 22 countries, from Australia to Egypt to Japan to Brazil. The researchers asked a simple question: how many alcoholic drinks did you have in the past week?

The decision to drink is not just a personal choice but is woven into the fabric of our cultures and social lives.

Then they compared the answers across age, gender, marital status, education, job, immigration, and how often people attend religious services. What they found was striking. Men reported almost twice as many drinks per week as women. People in their 50s drank the most, while drinking tapered off in older age.

People who were divorced, separated, or living with a partner tended to drink more than married people. Those with more education and steady jobs also reported more drinking. One of the clearest patterns involved religion: the more often someone attended religious services, the less alcohol they tended to drink. At the country level, the differences were huge. Australia, the UK, Germany, Spain, and Japan topped the list, while Egypt, Indonesia, and India sat at the very bottom.

Countries with larger Muslim populations and stronger religious participation generally reported less drinking. But here's a twist: when researchers looked only at people who do drink, some low-consumption countries like Türkiye and Tanzania jumped higher in the rankings. That means even where few people drink, those who do may drink quite a lot. This study paints a vivid picture of how culture, faith, age, and life circumstances all weave together to shape something as personal as a weekly drink.

Figure
1.9x
Gender Gap in Drinking

Across 22 countries, men consumed nearly twice as many alcoholic drinks per week on average as women.

Figure
62%
Weekly Drinking in Germany

In Germany, 62% of the adult population reported consuming at least one alcoholic beverage per week, one of the highest rates among the 22 countries studied.

Figure
2.1:1
Religion and Alcohol Use

Adults who never attend religious services consumed more than twice as many alcoholic drinks per week as those who attend services more than once a week.

Figure
40%
Men's Weekly Drinking

Across all countries, 40% of men reported drinking alcohol at least once a week, a rate twice as high as that for women.

Figures
1.9x
Gender Gap in Drinking

Across 22 countries, men consumed nearly twice as many alcoholic drinks per week on average as women.

62%
Weekly Drinking in Germany

In Germany, 62% of the adult population reported consuming at least one alcoholic beverage per week, one of the highest rates among the 22 countries studied.

2.1:1
Religion and Alcohol Use

Adults who never attend religious services consumed more than twice as many alcoholic drinks per week as those who attend services more than once a week.

40%
Men's Weekly Drinking

Across all countries, 40% of men reported drinking alcohol at least once a week, a rate twice as high as that for women.

§4

Reader Questions

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Research Details
& Citation

Chat with this paper
Published
2026
Journal
Communications Medicine
Participants
202,898
Countries
22
Cite this paper
de la Rosa, P. A., Jang, S. J., Paltzer, J., Okafor, C. N., Bradshaw, M., Padgett, R. N., Johnson, B. R., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2026). Demographic variation in weekly alcohol use across countries in the Global Flourishing Study. Communications Medicine, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-01346-z
Tags
drinkingdemographicsreligion-spiritualityeducationgendercross-cultural
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